Jai Maa Saraswati Gyandayini An International Multidisciplinary e-Journal

Sonic Waves in Organic Amalgamation: A passageway to Sustainable Chemical methods

Dr. Kumud Kumari — 2025-01-30

Ultrasound is a necessary method to get better organic synthesis from the point of green chemistry as it can promote better yields and selectivity’s in addition to shorter rejoinder times when compared to the conservative method. Period when Sonication smooths the progress of the rapid distraction of solids decomposition of organic including inherited machinery as well as the formation of porous equipment. Sonochemistry, the application of ultrasound to chemical reactions, emerges as a promising green technology in organic synthesis. Acoustic cavitation’s, the formation and violent collapse of bubbles within the reaction medium, generate localized zones of extreme temperatures and pressures. These unique conditions enhance reaction rates, look up yields, and often enable reactions to proceed under milder conditions compared to conventional methods. Application includes accelerate C-C connection formations, facilitating oxidations and reductions, and enhancing heterogeneous catalysis. By minimizing energy consumption, reducing waste generation, and enabling the use of milder reagents, Sonochemistry aligns with the principles of green chemistry, offering a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to organic synthesis.

Intellectual property A catalyst for inclusiveness and empowerment

Sahil Somya Jha — 2025-01-30

Intellectual Property (IP) plays a vital role in shaping modern economies and fostering innovation. It grants legal protection to creations such as inventions, artistic works, designs, and trademarks, enabling individuals and businesses to safeguard their intellectual assets. By securing exclusive rights, IP incentivizes creativity, attracts investments, and promotes technological advancements. A well-structured IP system not only benefits inventors but also bridges socio-economic gaps by providing equal opportunities for protection and commercialization.

On a global scale, IP frameworks, particularly those developed under agreements like TRIPS, create a legal foundation for enforcing rights while ensuring public access to innovations. India has made significant progress in strengthening its IP regime through legislative reforms and policies such as the National IPR Policy (2016). Despite these efforts, challenges remain, including bureaucratic delays in registration, enforcement inefficiencies, and the need for stronger digital-era protections. Addressing these issues is essential to building investor confidence and fostering sustained economic growth.

Historically, nations that prioritized innovation through effective IP policies—such as the Netherlands and Britain—experienced rapid economic expansion. In India, industries like biotechnology and information technology have thrived under IP protection, yet further improvements in enforcement mechanisms and streamlined registration processes are necessary. Key recommendations include expediting approvals, establishing dedicated IP tribunals, raising awareness, and updating laws to align with digital advancements.

A robust IP framework serves as a catalyst for inclusivity by empowering creators, supporting economic development, and ensuring access to knowledge. Striking the right balance between protection and accessibility will pave the way for a more equitable and innovation-driven future.

Understanding the Grounds and Consequences of Trademark Registration Refusal Under Indian Trade Mark Laws

Jagjeevan Singh Gahtori — 2025-01-30

Section 9 of the Trademark Act addresses the absolute grounds for the refusal of trademark registration. It delineates various criteria that a mark must satisfy to qualify for registration primarily, a trademark must possess a distinctive character capable of distinguishing the goods services of one entity from those of another. Marks that are devoid of distinctiveness, such as generic terms or, or those that merely describe the goods or services do not qualify. Additionally, trademarks that are misleading, scandalous, or offend public policy may also be refused registration. This section aims to prevent registration of marks that do not fulfill the essential functions of a trademark, thereby protecting the interest of consumers and ensuring fair competition in the market.

Section 11 on the other hand, provides specific relative grounds for refusal of registration. It primarily focuses on the likelihood of confusing arises from from the similarity of a proposed trademark with existing registered marks. If a mark is identical or similar to an already registered mark, and the goods or services are of a similar nature, the application for registration may be refused. This section emphasizes the importance of prior rights, ensuring that existing trademark holders are not jeopardized by new applications that could confuse consumers. It also includes provisions targeting the protection of well-known trademarks, recognizing their status in preventing unauthorized use that may lead to dilution or unfair advantage. Together, Sections 9 and 11 establish a balanced framework that safeguards both the rights of trademark owners and the interests of consumers, fostering a competitive market environment in India. This paper analyses the grounds and their consequences of trademark registration under the Indian trade mark laws.

Narrative Scenes in Akabar Style Painting: An Analytical Study

Dr. Shailendra Kumara — 2025-01-30

Akbar (1556-1605CE), was an extraordinary ruler, who not only consolidated the political power of his empire but also greatly influenced the artistic and cultural life of India. while consolidating Mughal dynastic empire in India, evolved a court style of painting, usually designated as the “Mughal style” painting. It was a rolling art movement which started with fusion of the Timurid style with local (Pre Rajsthani) painting tradition. A large atelier of painters worked for him and mostly produced illustrated manuscript besides individual paintings.